TSUNAMI COMPUTER MOVIES

October 15, 2002

A collection of tsunami animations performed using the SWAN code described in the monograph "Numerical Modeling of Water Waves," by Dr. Charles L. Mader, published in 1988 by University of California Press. A few calculations were performed using the full Navier-Stokes ZUNI or SOLA codes. The generation and propagation of tsunamis by impact landslides, projectile impacts and explosives was modeled using the compressible AMR Eulerian hydrodynamic code SAGE.

For DOS or Windows Operating Systems or Dos Emulator (SoftPC) on Mac. Unzip file using PKUNZIP.EXE available on the web site.

To view animation type -- MOVIE -- or the name of the BAT file. Use arrow keys and enter key to control animation speed and direction. To study individual cases type - MM TAPEXX where XX is file number. Follow instructions on screen. To view the AVI movies use the Microsoft Media Player furnished or any other AVI format player.

INDEX

1960 - Tsunami of May 23, 1960 generation in Chile, propagation across the Pacific Ocean, and indundation of Hilo, Hawaii. Described in "Modeling Hilo, Hawaii Tsunami Inundation," Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 9 pages 85-94 (1991), and Scientific Computing and Automation, June issue, pages 19-23 (1993).

1964 - Tsunami of April 1, 1964 generation in Gulf of Alaska, propagation across the Pacific Ocean, and inundation of Crescent City, California. See "Tsunami Inundation Model Study of Eureka and Crescent City, California," NOAA Technical Memo ERL PMEL-105 (1994).

60THEAT - The interaction of the tsunami of May 23, 1960 with the Hilo, Hawaii theater. Described in PACON 1993.

90HILO - 1990 Hilo topography and buildings inundated by a 1960 tsunami wave. See also HOTEL .

2ATAST - The inundation of the U.S. East Coast by a 100 meter, 2000 second tsunami wave that could be generated by an asteroid.

10NYAST - The inundation of the U.S. East Coast by an asteroid that would generate a 10 km radius cavity, 3000 meter deep and a 100 km radius cavity in the Atlantic Ocean off New York City.

AIMPACTS for SWAN Model -- AIMPACTZ for ZUNI Model. - An impact cavity collapse and tsunami generation study using shallow water and full Navier-Stokes models. Described in "Modeling Asteroid Impact and Tsunami," Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 16, pages 21-30 (1998).

ATLAST - An asteroid generated tsunami in the Atlantic Ocean. The cavity was 150 km wide and 3500 meters deep.

AUSASTA for Asteroid Generated Tsunami -- AUSASTL for a Hawaii Landslide Generated Tsunami. - Interaction of a tsunami with Australia from a Hawaii landslide generated tsunami and from an asteroid generated tsunami. Described in Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 13, page 45 (1995).

BBAY - A study of the vulnerability of Berau Bay, Indonesia to tsunamis.

CASCAD - Inundation of U.S. west coast by a tsunami from the Cascadia fault.

ECAST - The inundation of the U.S. east coast by an asteroid generated tsunami. The cavity was 150 km wide and 4500 meters deep. See also NYAST

ELTASTB for Big (20 km) Asteroid--- ETLASTS for Smaller Eltanin Sized Asteroid. - Described in "Modeling the Eltanin Asteroid Tsunami," Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 16, pages 17-20 (1998).

EURAST1 for 100 Meter High Tsunami -- EURAST2 for Tsunami from 150 km Cavity. -- The inundation of Europe by an asteroid generated tsunami wave of 100 meter height and 2000 sec period or by a wave created from a 150 km ocean cavity.

EUREKA - The Eureka, California tsunami of April 25, 1992. See "Tsunami Inundation Model Study of Eureka and Crescent City, California," NOAA Technical Memo ERL PMEL-105 (1994).

GUS - The Furumoto sources for the Hawaiian tsunamis of 1946, 1957, 1964 and 1965. Part of a source modeling project for Dr. A. Furumoto, Hawaii Civil Defense Tsunami Advisor.

HIAST - The inundation of the Hawaiian Islands by an asteroid generated 100 meter high, 2000 second period tsunami wave. Described in "Asteroid Tsunami Inundation of Hawaii," Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 14, page 18 (1996).

HILAND - The tsunami generated by a landslide off the Kona coast of the island of Hawaii about 105 Ka years ago. Described in "Modeling the 105 Ka Landslide Lanai Tsunami," Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 12, page 3 (1994).

HKAI - Inundation of Hawaii Kai, Hawaii by a typical off shore 3 meter high, 1500 second tsunami.

HOTEL - The interaction of a May 23, 1960 tsunami wave with current Hilo, Hawaii tourist hotels. See also 90HILO .

HUMBOL - Tsunami inundation of Humboldt Bay, California by an offshore maximum expectable 10 meter high, 2000 second tsunami wave. See "Tsunami Inundation Model Study of Eureka and Crescent City, California," NOAA Technical Memo ERL PMEL-105 (1994).

ICEASTI for 100 Meter High Tsunami -- ICEASTA for Tsunami from 150 km Cavity. -- The inundation of Iceland by an asteroid generated tsunami wave of 100 meter height and 2000 sec period or by a wave created from a 150 km ocean cavity.

INDIA - Asteroid generated tsunami in the Indian Ocean. The cavity was 38 km wide and 4000 meters deep.

INDONES - Indonesia tsunami of December 12, 1992

JAPAST - The inundation of Tokyo, Japan by an asteroid generated tsunami. Described in "Asteroid Tsunami Inundation of Japan," Science of Tsunami Hazards, Vol 16, pages 11-16 (1998).

KAIAKA - Tsunami inundation of Kaiaka Bay, Oahu, Hawaii by the 1952 tsunami.

KBAY - Tsunami inundation of Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii by a typical offshore 3 meter high, 2000 second tsunami and by a maximum expectable offshore 10 meter high, 2000 second tsunami wave.

KONA - Tsunami inundation of Kona, Hawaii by a typical offshore 3 meter high, 2000 second tsunami.

KURIL - The tsunami of October 1994 generated off the Kuril islands of Japan.

LAAST - Inundation of Los Angeles, California by an asteroid generated 100 meter high, 2000 second tsunami wave.

LAPALMA - A landslide generated tsunami at LaPalama in the Canary Islands using SWAN and Navier-Stokes ZUNI codes.

LAUP - The April 1, 1946 tsunami inundation of Laupahoehoe, Hawaii.

LITUYAQ for Earthquake Generated Tsunami -- LITUYAL for Glacier Lake Generated Tsunami -- LITUYAS for Landslide Uplift Generated Wave -- LITUYAI for Landslide Impact Generated Tsunami. - The July 8, 1958 mega-tsunami at Lituya Bay, Alaska with inundations of up to 520 meters. Described in "Science of Tsunami Hazards," vol 17, pages 57-67 (1999), and "Science of Tsunami Hazards," vol 19, pages 3-22 (2001).

LISBON - Modeling the 1755 Lisbon tsunami generation and propagation across the Atlantic Ocean to the Caribbean. See Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 19, pages 93-98 (2001).

LOIHI - A study using the ZUNI full Navier-Stokes code of the tsunami wave generation and propagation from the collapse of the Loihi, Hawaii summit in August, 1996.

M9CALIF - A M9 earthquake generated tsunami interacting with Oregon and California coast.

NIC - The 1992 tsunami generated off the coast of Nicaragua. Described in "Modeling the 1992 Nicaragua Tsunami," Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 11, page 107 (1993).

NYAST - The inundation of the U.S. Coast by an asteroid generated tsunami. The tsunami wave was generated by a 100 kilometer radius cavity, 3000 meters deep. Another tsunami wave had a height of 100 meters and a 2000 second period. See also 10NYAST .

ORAST - An asteroid generated tsunami interacting with the Oregon coast.

OREGM9 - A M9 earthquake generated tsunami interacting with the Oregon coast.

PACAST - Asteroid generated tsunami in the Pacific Ocean. The cavity was 150 km wide and 4500 meters deep.

PROP - Described in "Numerical Tsunami Propagation Study." Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 11, page 93 (1993).

SANDY - Tsunami inundation of Sandy Beach region of Oahu, Hawaii by a typical offshore 3 meter high, 2000 second tsunami and by a maximum expectable offshore 10 meter high, 2000 second tsunami wave.

SANFAST - Asteroid generated tsunami inundation of San Francisco, California by a 100 meter high, 2000 second tsunami wave.

SMSFAST - Small asteroid generated tsunami near San Francisco, California.

SKAGWAY - The landslide generated tsunami of November 3, 1994 at Skagway, Alaska. The Skagway modeling is described in Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 15, pages 41-48 (1997), Vol 15, pages 89-106 (1997). See also SOLA .

SOLA - Three-dimensional, full Navier-Stokes modeling using the MCC SOLA code of the November 3, 1994 Skagway, Alaska tsunami. See also SKAGWAY .

SOURCE - Described in "Numerical Tsunami Source Study," Science of Tsunami Hazards, vol 11, page 81 (1993).

VSLIDE - A landslide generated tsunami from Chain of Craters road region of the island of Hawaii.

WAIANAE - The inundation of the leeward side of Oahu, Hawaii by a maximum expectable offshore 10 meter high, 2000 second tsunami wave.

WAIPIO - The interaction of the May 23, 1960 tsunami with the Waipio, Hawaii region. The 50 foot inundation is the largest recorded in Hawaii.

WALKERK for Kona Coast Tsunami -- WALKERT for Tonga Trench Tsunami. - An evaluation of the vulnerability of Hawaii to tsunamis generated south of Honolulu, either along the Kona Coast or in the Tonga trench. Modeling requested by Dr. D. Walker, Oahu Civil Defence Tsunami Advisor.

WINDWARD - Tsunami inundation of the Windward side of Oahu, Hawaii by a typical offshore 3 meter high, 2000 second tsunami and by a maximum expectable offshore 10 meter high, 2000 second tsunami wave.

LITUYA IMPACT LANDSLIDE - The Lituya Bay impact landslide generated tsunami modeled using the full Navier-Stokes AMR Eulerian compressible hydrodynamic code called SAGE which includes the effect of gravity. The movies are in AVI format.

WATER CAVITY GENERATION BY PROJECTILES AND EXPLOSIVES - The hypervelocity impact of projectiles into water was modeled using the full Navier-Stokes AMR Eulerian compressible hydrodynamic code called SAGE which includes the effect of gravity. The generation of a water cavity by an explosion was also modeled. The movies are in AVI format.